A. Pistocchi, “A preliminary pan-European assessment of pollution loads from urban runoff,” Environmental Research, vol. 182, p. 109129, Mar. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109129.

A practical alternative for the quantification of urban runoff loads is the use of “event mean concentrations” (EMCs) to represent the pollutant content of urban runoff. In turn, urban runoff volume is expected to be well explained by the volume of rainfall on impervious urban surfaces. The mass of the pollutant discharged to receiving water bodies from an urban surface is then computed simply as the product of a pollutant's EMC and urban runoff volume.