{"tema_id":"162","string":"Formal authority","created":"2023-07-20 17:13:57","code":"","modified":"0000-00-00 00:00:00","notes":[{"@type":"Bibliographic note","@lang":"en-EN","@value":"D. Carpenter and G. A. Krause, \u201cTransactional Authority and Bureaucratic Politics,\u201d Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 5\u201325, Jan. 2015, doi: 10.1093\/jopart\/muu012.\u00a0 "},{"@type":"Definition note","@lang":"en-EN","@value":"Formal authority in bureaucratic politics defines the official limits or parameters that both shape and constrain the action of the principal and agent, respectively. The nature of authority in political\u2013agency relations has broader normative implications for bureaucratic accountability in a representative democracy. As these parameters become \u201cloosened,\u201d greater weight is given to expert judgment vis-\u00e0-vis popular will. "}]}